Managing some heavy material with preparation and a special guest
You've probably noticed that the reading load gets very light until we read Hoshino Tomoyuki's Lonely Hearts Killer, which I will email you all this week. Aside from the readings I post on the blog, you won't have any additional readings for a few weeks.
The reason for the lighter load relates to the difficulty of the material we'll be dealing with in class. The film we will watch this Wednesday is definitely one of the toughest things I teach. I know folks usually don't like "spoilers" for movies, but I think it's very important that you are all emotionally prepared for what you'll see (and hear) on Wednesday. Please make sure to read both of the following links before class.
Matsui Minoru Interview
"Stubborn Legacies of War: Japanese Devils in Sarajevo" by Linda Hoaglund
You'll also get a special "reward" after the film.
We are incredibly fortunate to have the International Writing Program here at the UI. We started the semester with a tour of the library exhibit (led by Chiaki Sakai), and that exhibit is soon coming to a close as this year's IWP writers prepare to return to their homes in various countries. Among the writers who came to Iowa City this fall is KIM Reon. You can read examples of her writing by clicking here and scrolling down to her bio, where you'll be able to access the files to download. The following is an excerpt from "Father's Winter."Eunhee remembered how at the demonstration that day everything was slow and drawn-out, like a long take in a movie. Of course, it might have only felt that way because she couldn’t make a sound except for the rustle of her dry mouth. Perhaps because there weren’t any so-called security leaks, her classmates were able to circle the street an unprecedented number of times even with the Yeongdeungpo police right under their noses. Even so, there were over twenty of them.
When the tear gas began to explode below, Eunhee and her friend stayed on the roof, chanting. They had to stay there until they were brutally dragged away. Only after the scene in the street was broken up and several men who were theater employees rather than police officers came running and pleaded with them to stop, did they stomp back down the steep stairway, huffing and puffing. Or, they might have been pushed down at the hands of those men. At any rate, the men disappeared briefly to call the police, and Eunhee and her friend agreed to slip in amongst the theater patrons rather than stand and fight alone.
Ms. Kim is leaving Iowa City on the 10th, but has agreed to stop by our class and share some thoughts that will add quite a lot to our course. I think it will also be good for us all to leave the classroom with her words in our minds instead of the with the feelings we'll have while watching the film. She will join us around 5:30 or so on Wednesday.






21 Comments:
Just reading the interview with the director and producer makes me nervous to see this film. It is obvious that atrocities occur in times of war, but it is rare that those who committed them are willing to go on camera and discuss them (especially if they perpetrated the acts). This makes me wonder how officers in the military were using the emperor system as a means to foot their own violent agenda. I also wonder how much the emperor knew of what was going on, especially since he was apparently pardoned by the U.S. post-war.
I agree with chad in wondering "how officers in the military were using the emperor system as a means to foot their own violent agenda". From what I read, it seems like those involved were using the emperor system/nationalism as an excuse...in saying that, I'm not singling out the soldiers, because in almost all cases, the military disempowers and takes advantage of it's lower-ranked personnel. Also, I'm interested in knowing why and how the U.S. took it upon themselves to "pardon" the Japanese, particularly since (at least to my knowledge) the U.S. government had no business getting involved.
This is too much! Chad and Sara! You two set up next week's class topic already with your questions! What great students I have! If I didn't know better, I'd swear you were "plants."
I find it very intriguing that Matsui actually cites the Imperial system as part of the cause of the brutality - that honoring the Emperor could actually be so harmful like this. It really sort of brought to the front a lot of the things we've been talking about in connection to motive; the "blind obedience" to the Emperor and how it could be so brutal like that.
I also wanted to briefly mention the point in the Hoaglund essay, when she is talking about being in class in Japan and discussing the atomic bombs - she speaks about the other children in her class, almost as one, instilling her with displaced guilt. This struck me because, when I visited the Hiroshima Peace museum, I felt exactly like that, like I was being blamed for the bombs just because I was American. It was a very....humbling experience, and all I can really think to say about it is that the phrase "history is written by the winners" isn't totally accurate - history is written regionally.
I am worried about whether I can bare to watch this film or not... I already feel a little ill reading this articles...
Anyway, reading about the film and thinking about the previous replies, I am reminded of studying the Holocaust in high school, when, in order to shed light on how and why human beings commit war crimes against other human beings, our teacher taught us about the Stanley Milgram experiment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment) and the Stanford prison experiment (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment).
Given the pressure, or perhaps the excuse, of authority, people do awful, awful things, as we see repeated throughout history into the present day. In war situations, I suppose the authority and the hierarchy might be an "empty center," and the soliders on the ground use that an excuse to shirk personal responsiblity even though they are the ones carrying out the dirty work. I realize I am kind of connecting Hitler and the Emperor of Japan here...
And by bare I obviously meant "bear." I'm an English major, really I am.
Hm, I guess I'm most curious about the reeducation schools. Considering the horrible things that Japanese soldiers did during their attacks on Chinese peasants, it seems obvious to me that a reeducation of some sort is definitely in order. But what I'm wondering is what exactly the captured Japanese soldiers were learning during their forced reeducation in China. Was it guilt, like the kind of guilt Hoaglund was being taught in her Japanese school? Murdering Chinese peasants and dropping bombs on Japanese civilians are really blemishes for Japanese and American people, and it seems like we still haven't worked through them properly enough to undo all the damage of each. But at the same time, guilt doesn't seem like a very mature place to start in a society's reeducation.
So, yeah, my question again is what were reeducated Japanese soldiers learning?
i don’t know, it seems to me that guilt is a natural part in the process of personal responsibility. when i was in Hiroshima my Japanese friends didn’t want me to feel guilty and explained that most Japanese people realized their part of the war. but i didn’t want to avoid that feeling of guilt, not because it made me feel righteous or anything like that, but because it just seemed natural to mourn such a horrible act perpetrated by my nation. the main issue is that people do not see themselves on one side, as either evil aggressors or helpless victims, because that is rarely the case. in the second article it was mentioned that right-wingers and others in Japan felt the movie came too late and held slanderous lies. it is easier for most people to just forget the past, especially something like this, most the people directly involved are or will soon be dead. luckily there are people like Matsui who believe that above all else the truth should be known and people should be able to openly relate the truth they have lived, even when it involved war crimes and reeducation.
I wonder about this guilt thing too. If your actions are driven by the feeling of duty or the need to re-balance the scales, is the result just as good as if they were driven by other humanist/altruistic feelings? It seems like guilt maintains this "us" and "them" thought, this is what my group of people did to your group of people. I don't know, am I wrong?
Are there any other examples of these re-education camps? I've never really heard of them before, so I'm interested as well to hear more about them.
ok, one more thought. I'm just wondering about the connection between nationalism and anarchy. It seems that they are completely oppositional. The idea of "us" is used by certain elites to justify who deserves the benefits of society, and to keep themselves in power. it seems anarchy would reject that idea. are there any other facets of this idea I'm overlooking?
Nationalism and war. Nations in a state of perpetual war. Reading these articles makes me feel tired, angry, and a little hopeless because is anything that happened then really that different from things happening in the world now?
I agree with the posts above- I'm a little anxious about seeing this film...but I think it will provoke a lot of discussion about the role of the Emperor system, nationalism, and so on..in a perhaps more culturally 'relatable' way.
I have the same question as everybody else it seems. What were these reeducation camps in China? Also, what's this about American war crimes in Vietnam? All of my uncles have been in the military, but I've never heard of any atrocities committed by our soldiers before. Am I just out of the loop?
I'm sorry to have to tell you, but you are out of the loop. Right now it's a very unpopular topic for obvious reasons. I can't think of a recent film which does not glorify American solders. (perhaps the most recent Born movie)
Don't get me wrong in thinking that I do not support the people who devote their lives to the service of this country, I absolutely support their sacrifice. However, people become frustrated and need an outlet for being submerged in violence day after day... How can any human being not be affected by constant exposure to life threatening situations, where one is bombarded with anger and hatred? Under that pressure cooker what seeds of violence can grow? I am in no way saying that this happens to all solders in combat situation, but each person has to find a way to deal with it in the best way they know how. I am not excusing it, just saying- look at where they are, what is happening to them, and what they there to do! Kill. What must that do to a person, to the value of life?
im interested and nervous to see the film at the same time. the interview and the other story posted on the blog keep highlighting the brutality behind all the cruel war crimes..immediately i thought about the beginning of Sayonara Tsai Chien and Hwang Chun Ming's reaction and thought towards the japanese who had participated in these war crimes and how it use to shape feelings people had towards the japanese
also i found Hoaglund's article very interesting. what i found most compelling was how where you grow up and the viewpoint of education can really have an effect on who becomes the victime and how you look at a particular time in history.
it was also interesting to see the responses of japanese people to the Japanese Devils film, especially the one woman who asked if all of this really happened. really shows how this even is kept in the dark, and the lack of exposure people have to these incidents
Well, I don't know if every film glorifies American soldiers... Every American movie portraying Vietnam at least has one scene that either: shows the troops feeling bad for killing innocent civilians (Born on the Fourth of July-Tom Cruise nominated for Academy Award) or a scene that shows American troops killing with no mercy (Casualities of War-Sean Penn and Michael J. Fox). But there are also films where U.S. troops are just trying to survive and get back home (Deer Hunter, Thin Red Line, Forest Gump).
Also, now there are a countless amount of documentaries being made about U.S. involvement in the middle east and I'm sure those do not glorify U.S. troops in any way.
Documentary films are the best way to educate an audience on what really happened; comapared to how Hollywood wants to glorify or de-glorify American soldiers. I really want to see this film because I believe it's important, as a person, to see the reversal of another human from devil to regretful. I've interviewed a Korean vet and Vietnamese vet, the Korean vet just drove truck in the war and was constantly scared, he never saw much action. The Vietnam vet killed many, he had post dramatic stress disorder, lived by himself, and his basement was filled with pictures, grenades, etc. It was like he just got back from the war yesterday.
...you have no idea how much these articles make me want to go home and flip through War Without Mercy for connected events.
The Stanford Prison Experiment that Beth brought up is a good example of why I don't think that we can assign the blame to the Emperor system. It played a part. What worries me is that people think it was all because of the emperor system, and without a divine emperor nothing like that can/will happen.
Just to sound off on the film. It was really powerful. Its alot later an i am stilled bummed about the child and his mother story.
One of the most striking things about the film was when one of the former soldiers explained how he first killed someone. It wasn't an instant action, but it was prolonged because their conscience was still advocating morality, but it's scary how the mind can become immune to such astrocities after repeated offenses. To me, it explains part of the mindset behing the brutality of rapists, murders, felons, and various criminals that wander this earth in a way. But the sad thing is no one wants to face to truth because that is where the healing lies. Director, Matsui Minoru said it most profoundly in the article, "What is truly repungnant and dangerous is the attitude of those who avert their eyes from the brutality that took place. Therin lies the path to repeating the errors of our past."
I remember learning about a similiar experiment (one like Beth's) in my psych class. It had just about the same set-up as the previous one except the blame was placed on another party. The person pushing the button was continuously told by the experimentor that he would take all the blame. This was enough to sway the person's judgement. I wonder if this method was used in the camps as well?
I knew there was a word I was looking for...Obedience. The experiment tested how obedient a person would be under the circumstances
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